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Ruhr Area

  • 1 Ruhr Area

    Общая лексика: Рурская об (Конгломерат городов в федеральной земле Северный Рейн — Вестфалия (Германия). В настоящее время под Рурской областью подразумевается территория регионального союза «Рур» (нем. Regionalverband Ruhr).)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Ruhr Area

  • 2 Ruhrgebiet

    Ruhr·ge·biet nt
    das \Ruhrgebiet the Ruhr [Area]

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > Ruhrgebiet

  • 3 Ruhrgebiet

    n; - (e)s; GEOG. das Ruhrgebiet the Ruhr
    * * *
    Ruhr|ge|biet
    nt no pl
    Ruhr (area)
    * * *
    Ruhr·ge·biet
    nt kein pl
    ▪ das \Ruhrgebiet the Ruhr [Area]
    * * *
    das; o. Pl. Ruhr [district]
    * * *
    Ruhrgebiet n; -(e)s;
    GEOG
    das Ruhrgebiet the Ruhr
    * * *
    das; o. Pl. Ruhr [district]

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Ruhrgebiet

  • 4 Kohlenpott

    m umg.: der Kohlenpott the Ruhr coalfield
    * * *
    Koh|len|pott
    m (inf)
    2) (inf = Ruhrgebiet) Ruhr (basin or valley)
    * * *
    Koh·len·pott
    m (fam)
    ▪ der \Kohlenpott the Ruhr [area]
    * * *
    Kohlenpott m umg:
    der Kohlenpott the Ruhr coalfield

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Kohlenpott

  • 5 Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung

    = WAZ
    Germany's highest-circulation serious national paper. It was founded in 1948 and is published in Essen, catering mainly for the densely populated Ruhr area
    * * *
    = WAZ
    Germany's highest-circulation serious national paper. It was founded in 1948 and is published in Essen, catering mainly for the densely populated Ruhr area

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung

  • 6 Рурская об

    General subject: Ruhr Area (Конгломерат городов в федеральной земле Северный Рейн — Вестфалия ( Германия). В настоящее время под Рурской областью подразумевается территория регионального союза «Рур» (нем. Regionalverband Ruhr).)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Рурская об

  • 7 Ruhrgebiet

    n
    1. Ruhr area
    2. Ruhr district

    Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch > Ruhrgebiet

  • 8 Bergius, Friedrich Carl Rudolf

    [br]
    b. 11 October 1884 Goldschmieden, near Breslau, Germany
    d. 31 March Buenos Aires, Argentina
    [br]
    [br]
    After studying chemistry in Breslau and Leipzig and assisting inter alia at the institute of Fritz Haber in Karlsruhe on the catalysis of ammonia under high pressure, in 1909 he went to Hannover to pursue his idea of turning coal into liquid hydrocarbon under high hydrogen pressure (200 atm) and high temperatures (470° C). As experiments with high pressure in chemical processes were still in their initial stages and the Technical University could not support him sufficiently, he set up a private laboratory to develop the methods and to construct the equipment himself. Four years later, in 1913, his process for producing liquid or organic compounds from coal was patented.
    The economic aspects of this process were apparent as the demand for fuels and lubricants increased more rapidly than the production of oil, and Bergius's process became even more important after the outbreak of the First World War. The Th. Goldschmidt company of Essen contracted him and tried large-scale production near Mannheim in 1914, but production failed because of the lack of capital and experience to operate with high pressure on an industrial level. Both capital and experience were provided jointly by the BASF company, which produced ammonia at Merseburg, and IG Farben, which took over the Bergius process in 1925, the same year that the synthesis of hydrocarbon had been developed by Fischer-Tropsch. Two years later, at the Leuna works, almost 100,000 tonnes of oil were produced from coal; during the following years, several more hydrogenation plants were to follow, especially in the eastern parts of Germany as well as in the Ruhr area, while the government guaranteed the costs. The Bergius process was extremely important for the supply of fuels to Germany during the Second World War, with the monthly production rate in 1943–4 being more than 700,000 tonnes. However, the plants were mostly destroyed at. the end of the war and were later dismantled.
    As a consequence of this success Bergius, who had gained an international reputation, went abroad to work as a consultant to several foreign governments. Experiments aiming to reduce the costs of production are still continued in some countries. By 1925, after he had solved all the principles of his process, he had turned to the production of dextrose by hydrolyzing wood with highly concentrated hydrochloric acid.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Nobel Prize 1931. Honorary doctorates, Heidelberg, Harvard and Hannover.
    Bibliography
    1907, "Über absolute Schwefelsäure als Lösungsmittel", unpublished thesis, Weida. 1913, Die Anwendung hoher Drucke bei chemischen Vorgängen und eine Nachbildung
    des Entstehungsprozesses der Steinkohle, Halle. 1913, DRP no. 301, 231 (coal-liquefaction process).
    1925, "Verflüssigung der Kohle", Zeitschrift des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure, 69:1313–20, 1359–62.
    1933, "Chemische Reaktionen unter hohem Druck", Les Prix Nobel en 1931, Stockholm, pp. 1–37.
    Further Reading
    Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, 1985, Friedrich Bergius und die Kohleverflüssigung. Stationen einer Entwicklung, Bochum (gives a comprehensive and illustrated description of the man and the technology).
    H.Beck, 1982, Friedrich Bergius, ein Erfinderschicksal, Munich: Deutsches Museum (a detailed biographical description).
    W.Birkendfeld, 1964, Der synthetische Treibstoff 1933–1945. Ein Beitragzur nationalsozialistischen Wirtschafts-und Rüstungspolitik, Göttingen, Berlin and Frankfurt (describes the economic value of synthetic fuels for the Third Reich).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Bergius, Friedrich Carl Rudolf

  • 9 Kind, Karl Gotthelf

    [br]
    b. 6 June 1801 Linda, near Freiberg, Germany
    d. 9 March 1873 Saarbrücken, Germany
    [br]
    German engineer, pioneer in deep drilling.
    [br]
    The son of an ore miner in Saxony, Kind was engaged in his father's profession for some years before he joined Glenck's drillings for salt at Stotternheim, Thuringia. There in 1835, after trying for five years, he self-reliantly put down a 340 m (1,100 ft) deep well; his success lay in his use of fish joints of a similar construction to those used shortly before by von Oeynhausen in Westphalia. In order to improve their operational possibilities in aquiferous wells, in 1842 he developed his own free-fall device between the rod and the drill, which enabled the chisel to reach the bottom of the hole without hindrance. His invention was patented in France. Four years later, at Mondorf, Luxembourg, he put down a 736 m (2,415 ft) deep borehole, the deepest in the world at that time.
    Kind contributed further considerable improvements to deep drilling and was the first successfully to replace iron rods with wooden ones, on account of their buoyancy in water. The main reasons for his international reputation were his attempts to bore out shafts, which he carried out for the first time in the region of Forbach, France, in 1848. Three years later he was engaged in the Ruhr area by a Belgian-and English-financed mining company, later the Dahlbusch mining company in Gelsenkirchen, to drill a hole that was later enlarged to 4.4 m (14 1/2 ft) and made watertight by lining. Although he had already taken out a patent for boring and lining shafts in 1849 in Belgium, his wooden support did not qualify. It was the Belgian engineer Joseph Chaudron, in charge of the mining company, who overcame the difficulty of making the bottom of the borehole watertight. In 1854 they jointly founded a shaft-sinking company in Brussels which specialized in aquiferous formations and operated internationally.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1849.
    Bibliography
    Further Reading
    H.G.Conrad, "Carl Gotthelf Kind", Neue deutsche Biographie 10:613–14.
    D.Hoffmann, 1959, 150 Jahre Tiefbohrungen in Deutschland, Vienna and Hamburg, pp. 20–5 (assesses his technological achievements).
    T.Tecklenburg, 1914, Handbuch der Tiefbohrkunde, 2nd end, Vol. VI, Berlin, pp. 36–9 (provides a detailed description of his equipment).
    J.Chaudron, 1862, "Über die nach dem Kindschen Erdbohrverfahren in Belgien ausgeführten Schachtbohrarbeiten", Berg-und Hüttenmännische Zeitung 21:402–4, (describes his contribution to making Kind's shafts watertight).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Kind, Karl Gotthelf

  • 10 Koepe, Friedrich

    [br]
    b. 1 July 1835 Bergkamen, Westphalia, Germany
    d. 12 September 1922 Bochum, Germany
    [br]
    German mining engineer, inventor of the friction winder for shaft hoisting.
    [br]
    After attending the School of Mines at Bochum, from 1862 he worked as an overseer in the coal-mining district of Ibbenbüren until he joined a mining company in the Ruhr area. There, as head of the machine shop, he was mainly concerned with sinking new shafts. In 1873 he became the Technical Director of the Hannover mine, near Bochum, which belonged to Krupp. When the shaft hoisting was to be extended to a lower level Koepe conceived the idea of applying a friction winder to the hoist instead of a drum, in order to save weight and costs. His method involved the use of an endless rope to which the cages were fixed without a safety catch. The rope passed over pulleys instead of coiling and uncoiling on a drum, and he consequently proposed to have the motor erected on top of the shaft rather than beside it, as had been the practice until then.
    Koepe's innovation turned out to be highly effective for hoisting heavy loads from deep shafts and was still popular in many countries in the 1990s, although the Krupp company did not accept it for a long time. He had severe personal problems with the company, and as Krupp refused to have his system patented he had to take it out in his own name in 1877. However, Krupp did not pay for the extension of the patent, nor did they pass the dossiers over to him, so the patent expired two years later. It was not until 1888 that a hoisting engine equipped with a friction winder was erected for the first time in a head gear, above the new Hannover II shaft. The following year Koepe left the Krupp company and settled as a freelance consulting engineer in Bochum; he was successful in having his system introduced by other mining companies. Ironi-cally, in 1948 the world's first four-rope winding, based on his system, was installed at the Hannover mine.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    For detailed biographical information and an assessment of his technological achievements see: H.Arnold and W.Kroker, 1977, "100 Jahre Schachtförderung nach dem System Koepe", Der Anschnitt 29:235–42.
    F.Lange, 1952, Die Vierseilförderung, Essen.
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Koepe, Friedrich

  • 11 Kohlenpott

    Koh·len·pott m
    ( fam);
    der \Kohlenpott the Ruhr [area]

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > Kohlenpott

  • 12 Revier

    n; -s, -e; (bes. Polizeirevier) district, Am. precinct; (Runde) beat; (Wache) police station; eines Försters: district, range; BERGB. (coal)field; (Jagdrevier) hunting ground; eines Vogels etc.: territory; eines Kellners: tables Pl.; MIL. (Krankenrevier) sickbay, sick quarters; fig. preserve, domain; sein Revier verteidigen defend one’s preserve; das ist ( nicht) mein Revier umg., fig. that’s (not) my province
    * * *
    das Revier
    (Gebiet) territory;
    (Jäger) hunting ground; beat;
    (Polizeibezirk) precinct; police precinct; beat; police district;
    (Polizeistation) police station; station house
    * * *
    Re|vier [re'viːɐ]
    nt -s, -e
    1) (= Polizeidienststelle) (police) station, station house (US); (= Dienstbereich) beat, district, precinct (US), patch (inf); (von Prostituierter) beat, patch (inf)
    2) (ZOOL = Gebiet) territory
    3) (HUNT = Jagdrevier) hunting ground, shoot
    4) (old = Gebiet, Gegend) district, area
    5) (MIL = Krankenrevier) sickbay

    auf dem or im Revier liegen — to be in the sickbay

    6) (MIN = Kohlenrevier) (coal) mines pl, coalfields pl
    * * *
    (a regular or usual course: a policeman's beat.) beat
    * * *
    Re·vier
    <-s, -e>
    [reˈvi:ɐ̯]
    nt
    1. (Polizeidienststelle) police station
    keinen Führerschein? Sie müssen mit aufs \Revier! no driving licence? you'll have to accompany me to the station!
    2. (Jagdrevier) preserve, shoot
    3. MIL sick-bay
    4. (Zuständigkeitsbereich) area of responsibility, province
    5. kein pl (fam: Industriegebiet) coalfield
    ▪ das \Revier the Ruhr/Saar mining area
    * * *
    das; Reviers, Reviere
    1) (Aufgabenbereich) province
    2) (Zool.) territory
    3) (PolizeiRevier) (Dienststelle) [police] station; (Bereich) district; (des einzelnen Polizisten) beat
    4) (ForstRevier) district
    5) (JagdRevier) preserve; shoot
    6) (Bergbau) coalfield

    das Revier — the Ruhr/Saar coalfields pl

    * * *
    Revier n; -s, -e; (besonders Polizeirevier) district, US precinct; (Runde) beat; (Wache) police station; eines Försters: district, range; BERGB (coal)field; (Jagdrevier) hunting ground; eines Vogels etc: territory; eines Kellners: tables pl; MIL (Krankenrevier) sickbay, sick quarters; fig preserve, domain;
    sein Revier verteidigen defend one’s preserve;
    das ist (nicht) mein Revier umg, fig that’s (not) my province
    * * *
    das; Reviers, Reviere
    1) (Aufgabenbereich) province
    2) (Zool.) territory
    4) (ForstRevier) district
    5) (JagdRevier) preserve; shoot
    6) (Bergbau) coalfield

    das Revier — the Ruhr/Saar coalfields pl

    * * *
    -e (Polizei-) n.
    district n.
    precinct (US) n. -e n.
    coal district n.
    coal field n.
    coal-mining district n.
    district n.
    police station n.
    sector n.
    stamping ground n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Revier

  • 13 Fleck

    m; -(e)s, -e
    1. von Schmutz: stain, mark; (Klecks) blob; Tinte: blot; kleiner: spot; das macht ( keine) Flecke it stains ( oder leaves stains) / doesn’t stain ( oder leave stains)
    2. auf Haut, Fell: spot, patch; (Verletzung, Geburtsmal) mark; blauer Fleck bruise
    3. (Stelle) spot, place; (Stück Land) patch; blinder / gelber Fleck MED., im Auge: blind / yellow spot; am falschen Fleck in the wrong place; am falschen Fleck sparen fig. make false economies; er hat das Herz auf dem rechten Fleck fig. his heart’s in the right place; ein schöner Fleck a nice (little) spot; weißer Fleck auf der Landkarte empty patch on the map, uncharted area; sich nicht vom Fleck rühren not budge; rühren Sie sich nicht vom Fleck! don’t (you) move; ich krieg den Schrank nicht vom Fleck I can’t shift (Am. budge) this cupboard; ich komm nicht vom Fleck I can’t move; (komme nicht herum) I can’t get about; fig. (komme nicht vorwärts) I’m not getting anywhere, I’m getting nowhere; vom Fleck weg (sofort) there and then, on the spot
    4. fig. (Schandfleck) blemish, blot; einen Fleck auf der weißen Weste haben have blotted one’s copybook, Am. etwa have put another nail in one’s coffin
    5. Dial. (Flicken) patch
    * * *
    der Fleck
    (Schandfleck) blot; blemish;
    (Schmutzfleck) blotch; dot; stain; spot; speck;
    (Stelle) spot; place
    * * *
    Flẹck [flɛk]
    m -(e)s, -e or -en
    1) (= Schmutzfleck) stain
    in/auf etw (acc) sth)

    einen Fleck auf der ( weißen) Weste haben (fig) — to have blotted one's copybook

    2) (= Farbfleck) splodge (Brit), splotch, blob; (auf Arm etc) blotch; (auf Obst) blemish

    ein grüner/gelber etc Fleck — a patch of green/yellow etc, a green/yellow etc patch

    weißer Fleck — white patch; (auf Stirn von Pferd) star, blaze; (auf Landkarte) blank area

    See:
    → blau
    3) (= Stelle) spot, place

    auf demselben Fleck — in the same place

    sich nicht vom Fleck rühren — not to move or budge (inf)

    vom Fleck weg — on the spot, right away

    4) (dial = Flicken) patch
    5) (COOK dial = Kaldaune) entrails pl
    * * *
    der
    1) (a spot: a fleck of dust.) fleck
    2) (a bright patch: a splash of colour.) splash
    3) (a small mark or stain (made by mud, paint etc): She was trying to remove a spot of grease from her skirt.) spot
    4) (a small, round mark of a different colour from its background: His tie was blue with white spots.) spot
    5) (a mark made by smearing.) smear
    6) (a dirty mark on a fabric etc that is difficult or impossible to remove: His overall was covered with paint-stains; There is not the slightest stain upon her reputation.) stain
    * * *
    <-[e]s, -e o -en>
    [flɛk]
    m
    \Flecken machen to stain
    ein blauer \Fleck a bruise
    \Flecken haben to be bruised; Apfel a. to be blemished
    3. (Stelle) spot, place
    sich akk nicht vom \Fleck rühren to not move [or fam budge] [an inch]
    rühr dich nicht vom \Fleck, ich bin sofort wieder da! stay where you are, I'll be right back!
    4.
    ▶ der blinde \Fleck the blind spot
    ▶ [mit etw dat] nicht vom \Fleck kommen to not get any further [with sth]
    ▶ vom \Fleck weg on the spot
    ▶ einen \Fleck auf der [weißen] Weste haben to have blotted one's copybook BRIT; s.a. Herz
    * * *
    der; Fleck[e]s, Flecke

    einen Fleck auf der [weißen] Weste haben — (fig. ugs.) have blotted one's copybook

    2) (andersfarbige Stelle) patch; s. auch blau
    3) (Stelle, Punkt) spot

    ich bin nicht vom Fleck gekommen — (fig.) I didn't get anywhere

    vom Fleck weg — (fig.) on the spot; s. auch Herz 1)

    * * *
    Fleck m; -(e)s, -e
    1. von Schmutz: stain, mark; (Klecks) blob; Tinte: blot; kleiner: spot;
    das macht (keine) Flecke it stains ( oder leaves stains)/doesn’t stain ( oder leave stains)
    2. auf Haut, Fell: spot, patch; (Verletzung, Geburtsmal) mark;
    blauer Fleck bruise
    3. (Stelle) spot, place; (Stück Land) patch;
    blinder/gelber Fleck MED, im Auge: blind/yellow spot;
    am falschen Fleck in the wrong place;
    am falschen Fleck sparen fig make false economies;
    er hat das Herz auf dem rechten Fleck fig his heart’s in the right place;
    ein schöner Fleck a nice (little) spot;
    weißer Fleck auf der Landkarte empty patch on the map, uncharted area;
    rühren Sie sich nicht vom Fleck! don’t (you) move;
    ich krieg den Schrank nicht vom Fleck I can’t shift (US budge) this cupboard;
    ich komm nicht vom Fleck I can’t move; (komme nicht herum) I can’t get about; fig (komme nicht vorwärts) I’m not getting anywhere, I’m getting nowhere;
    vom Fleck weg (sofort) there and then, on the spot
    4. fig (Schandfleck) blemish, blot;
    einen Fleck auf der weißen Weste haben have blotted one’s copybook, US etwa have put another nail in one’s coffin
    5. dial (Flicken) patch
    * * *
    der; Fleck[e]s, Flecke

    einen Fleck auf der [weißen] Weste haben — (fig. ugs.) have blotted one's copybook

    2) (andersfarbige Stelle) patch; s. auch blau
    3) (Stelle, Punkt) spot

    ich bin nicht vom Fleck gekommen — (fig.) I didn't get anywhere

    vom Fleck weg — (fig.) on the spot; s. auch Herz 1)

    * * *
    -en m.
    blot n.
    spot n.
    stain n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Fleck

  • 14 move

    1. noun
    1) (change of residence) Umzug, der; (change of job) Wechsel, der
    2) (action taken) Schritt, der; (Footb. etc.) Spielzug, der
    3) (turn in game) Zug, der; (fig.) [Schach]zug, der

    it's your move — du bist am Zug

    4)

    be on the move — (moving about) [Person:] unterwegs sein

    5)

    make a move — (initiate action) etwas tun od. unternehmen; (coll.): (leave, depart) losziehen (ugs.)

    make the first move — den Anfang machen

    make no move — sich nicht rühren

    make no move to help somebody — keine Anstalten machen, jemandem zu helfen

    6)

    get a move on — (coll.) einen Zahn zulegen (ugs.)

    get a move on! — (coll.) [mach] Tempo! (ugs.)

    2. transitive verb
    1) (change position of) bewegen; wegräumen [Hindernis, Schutt]; (transport) befördern

    move the chair over here — rück den Stuhl hier herüber!

    move something to a new position — etwas an einen neuen Platz bringen

    please move your head [to one side] — bitte tun Sie Ihren Kopf zur Seite

    move it! — (coll.)

    move yourself! — (coll.) Beeilung! (ugs.)

    move somebody to another department/job — jemanden in eine andere Abteilung/Position versetzen

    move police/troops into an area — Polizeikräfte/Truppen in ein Gebiet schicken

    2) (in game) ziehen
    3) (affect) bewegen; berühren

    move somebody to laughter/anger — jemanden zum Lachen bringen/jemandes Ärger erregen

    be moved by something — über etwas (Akk.) gerührt sein

    4) (prompt)

    move somebody to do something — jemanden dazu bewegen, etwas zu tun

    5) (propose) beantragen [Beendigung, Danksagung]; stellen [Antrag]
    6) (Commerc.): (sell) absetzen
    3. intransitive verb
    1) (go from place to place) sich bewegen; (by car, bus, train) fahren; (on foot) gehen; (coll.): (start, leave) gehen; [Wolken:] ziehen ( across über + Akk.)

    move with the times — (fig.) mit der Zeit gehen

    start to move — [Fahrzeug:] sich in Bewegung setzen

    he has moved to another department — er ist jetzt in einer anderen Abteilung

    Don't move. I'll be back soon — Bleib hier od. Geh nicht weg. Ich bin gleich zurück

    2) (in games) ziehen
    3) (fig.): (initiate action) handeln; aktiv werden
    4) (in certain circles, part of society, part of town) verkehren
    5) (change residence or accommodation) umziehen (to nach); (into flat etc.) einziehen ( into in + Akk.); (out of town) wegziehen ( out of aus); (out of flat etc.) ausziehen ( out of aus)

    I want to move to London — ich will nach London ziehen

    6) (change posture or state) sich bewegen; (in order to make oneself comfortable etc.) eine andere Haltung einnehmen

    don't move or I'll shoot — keine Bewegung, oder ich schieße

    7) (make progress) vorankommen

    move towards — näherkommen (+ Dat.) [Einigung, Höhepunkt, Kompromiss]

    8) (Commerc.): (be sold) [Waren:] Absatz finden, sich absetzen lassen
    9) (coll.): (go fast)
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/105921/move_about">move about
    * * *
    [mu:v] 1. verb
    1) (to (cause to) change position or go from one place to another: He moved his arm; Don't move!; Please move your car.) (fort-)bewegen
    2) (to change houses: We're moving on Saturday.) umziehen
    3) (to affect the feelings or emotions of: I was deeply moved by the film.) ergreifen
    2. noun
    1) ((in board games) an act of moving a piece: You can win this game in three moves.) der Zug
    2) (an act of changing homes: How did your move go?) der Umzug
    •
    - movable
    - moveable
    - movement
    - movie
    - moving
    - movingly
    - get a move on
    - make a move
    - move along
    - move heaven and earth
    - move house
    - move in
    - move off
    - move out
    - move up
    - on the move
    * * *
    [mu:v]
    I. n
    1. no pl (movement) Bewegung f
    she made a sudden \move towards me plötzlich bewegte sie sich auf mich zu
    I hate the way my boss watches my every \move ich hasse es, wie meine Chefin jede meiner Bewegungen beobachtet
    one \move and you are dead [or and I'll shoot]! keine Bewegung oder ich schieße!
    to be on the \move unterwegs sein; ( fig) country sich im Umbruch befinden
    she's on the \move sie verändert gerade viele Dinge in ihrem Leben
    to make a \move ( fam: leave) sich akk auf den Weg machen; (act) etwas unternehmen; (start) loslegen fam
    let's make a \move, the shops are closing! ( fam) wir müssen los, die Geschäfte schließen gleich!
    to make no \move sich akk nicht rühren; ( fig)
    nobody was making a \move [to go] niemand machte Anstalten zu gehen
    2. (step) Schritt m; (measure) Maßnahme f
    a \move to democracy/peace ein Schritt m hin zur Demokratie/zum Frieden
    to make the first \move den ersten Schritt tun
    3. (in games) Zug m; CHESS [Schach]zug m
    it's your \move du bist dran
    to make a \move CHESS ziehen
    4. ( fig: strategy) [Schach]zug m
    a clever [or smart] \move ein geschickter [o kluger] Schachzug
    5. (change of residence) Umzug m; (change of job) Stellenwechsel m; (transfer) Versetzung f
    we've had four \moves in three years wir sind in drei Jahren viermal umgezogen
    I don't feel like another [job] \move yet ich möchte nicht schon wieder meine Stelle wechseln
    to be on the \move gerade am Umziehen sein
    6.
    ▶ to get a \move on ( fam) sich akk beeilen
    get a \move on! ( fam) Beeilung!
    ▶ to make a \move on sb ( fam) jdn anmachen fam
    ▶ to make one's \move on sb ( fam) sich akk an jdn heranmachen
    II. vi
    1. (change position) sich akk bewegen; (go) gehen; (drive) fahren; (walk further on) weitergehen; (run further on) weiterlaufen; (drive further on) weiterfahren; (budge up) rücken
    you couldn't \move in the bar last night man konnte sich gestern Abend in der Bar vor lauter Leuten kaum rühren
    no one \moved keiner rührte sich
    he told his children not to \move er sagte seinen Kindern, sie sollten sich nicht von der Stelle rühren
    don't \move or I'll shoot! keine Bewegung oder ich schieße!
    don't \move, I'll be back in a second rühr dich nicht von der Stelle, ich bin gleich zurück
    please \move back! bitte zurücktreten!
    keep moving! bitte gehen Sie weiter!
    to \move in a circle object sich akk kreisförmig bewegen; (walk) im Kreis gehen
    to \move [out of the way] aus dem Weg gehen, Platz machen
    to \move [aside] (go) zur Seite gehen; (budge up) rücken
    to begin to \move sich akk in Bewegung setzen
    2. ( fig: change)
    Sophie has \moved into a higher class Sophie geht nun in die nächsthöhere Klasse
    that's my final decision, and I am not going to \move [on it] das ist mein letztes Wort und dabei bleibt es
    to \move off a subject das Thema wechseln
    3. ( fig: progress) vorankommen
    things are finally moving now ( fam) jetzt tut sich endlich was fam
    to \move into new markets neue Märkte erschließen
    to \move with the times mit der Zeit gehen
    to \move forward Fortschritte machen
    4. (change address) umziehen, SCHWEIZ a. zügeln; (change job) [den Arbeitsplatz] wechseln
    he's moving from the publicity department to the sales department er wechselt von der Werbeabteilung in die Verkaufsabteilung
    to \move to Berlin/the city/the country nach Berlin/in die Stadt/auf's Land ziehen
    to \move into a flat/a house/an office in eine Wohnung/ein Haus/ein Büro einziehen
    5. (in games) ziehen
    whose turn is it to \move next? wer ist am Zug?
    6. ( fam: leave) gehen, aufbrechen fam
    to get moving sich akk auf den Weg machen
    we have to get moving wir müssen los fam
    7. ( fam: hurry) sich akk beeilen
    \move [or get moving]! ( fam) nun mach schon! fam, Beeilung! fam
    to get moving on sth sich akk [schließlich] mit etw dat beeilen
    8. ( fam: start)
    to get moving loslegen fam
    to get moving on sth sich akk an etw akk machen, mit etw dat loslegen
    9. ( fam: go fast)
    Nigel's new car can really \move Nigels neuer Wagen ist sehr schnell
    10. (sell) sich gut verkaufen lassen
    this new shampoo is moving really fast das neue Shampoo findet reißenden Absatz fam
    11. (frequent socially) verkehren geh
    she \moves in a small circle of friends sie hat einen kleinen Freundeskreis
    ▪ to \move for sth für etw akk plädieren
    13. ( fig: pass) time vergehen
    time \moves so quickly! wie die Zeit vergeht!
    14. MED
    have your bowels \moved? hatten Sie Stuhlgang?
    III. vt
    1.
    ▪ to \move sth (change position of) etw bewegen; (in a text) etw verschieben; (place somewhere else) etw woanders hinstellen; (push somewhere else) etw verrücken; (clear) etw wegräumen; (rearrange) furniture etw umstellen; (transport) etw befördern
    I asked you not to \move my shoes/books ich habe dich doch gebeten, meine Schuhe stehen/meine Bücher liegen zu lassen
    the defendant stood without moving a muscle as the judge passed sentence der Angeklagte nahm das Urteil regungslos entgegen
    don't \move a muscle! ( fam) keine Bewegung!
    please \move your legs away! bitte nehmen Sie Ihre Beine da weg!
    we finally \moved the crockery into the cupboards endlich haben wir das Geschirr in die Schränke [ein]geräumt
    don't \move anything! bitte lassen Sie alles so, wie es ist!
    could you please \move your car? könnten Sie bitte [ihren Wagen] wegfahren?
    the bus stop was \moved 100 metres down the road die Bushaltestelle wurde 100 Meter die Straße hinunter verlegt
    \move your chair closer to the table rück deinen Stuhl näher an den Tisch [heran]
    please \move your head to the left drehen Sie Ihren Kopf bitte nach links
    to \move a wall eine Wand versetzen
    to \move sth [out of the way] etw wegräumen; furniture etw wegrücken
    to \move sth [aside] etw beiseiteräumen
    ▪ to \move sth etw verlegen [o verschieben]
    can we \move our meeting to another day? können wir unseren Termin vertagen?
    3.
    ▪ to \move sb (transfer) jdn verlegen; (to another job, class) jdn versetzen
    the government \moved troops into the crisis area die Regierung schickte Truppen ins Krisengebiet
    to \move sb to another hospital/prison jdn in ein anderes Krankenhaus/Gefängnis verlegen
    to \move sb to marketing/to a higher class jdn in die Marketingabteilung/in eine höhere Klasse versetzen
    to \move house umziehen
    to \move office in ein anderes Büro ziehen
    ▪ to \move sb jdn bewegen; (stronger) jdn ergreifen
    to \move sb to laughter jdn zum Lachen bringen
    to \move sb to tears jdn zu Tränen rühren
    to \move sb deeply [or sincerely] jdn zutiefst bewegen
    to be [deeply] \moved by sth von etw dat [zutiefst] bewegt sein; (stronger) von etw dat [zutiefst] ergriffen sein
    ▪ to \move sth mechanism, wheel etw antreiben
    7. (cause change of mind)
    ▪ to \move sb jdn umstimmen
    she won't be \moved sie lässt sich nicht umstimmen
    ▪ to \move sb to do sth jdn [dazu] bringen [o geh bewegen], etw zu tun
    8. ( form: suggest)
    ▪ to \move sth etw vorschlagen
    to \move an amendment eine Ergänzung einbringen
    ▪ to \move that... vorschlagen, dass...
    I should like to \move that the proposal [should] be accepted ich plädiere dafür, den Vorschlag anzunehmen
    9. MED
    to \move one's bowels Stuhlgang haben
    to \move a knight/rook einen Läufer/Turm ziehen
    11. COMM
    ▪ to \move sth etw absetzen
    12.
    ▶ \move it! (fam!) leg mal 'nen Zahn zu! fam, nun mach schon! fam, Beeilung!
    * * *
    move [muːv]
    A v/t
    1. a) (von der Stelle) bewegen, rücken
    b) einen Körperteil bewegen, rühren
    c) transportieren
    d) COMPUT eine Textstelle etc verschieben:
    move up MIL Truppen heranbringen oder vorziehen; SCHULE Br einen Schüler versetzen;
    move down SCHULE Br einen Schüler zurückstufen; → heaven 1
    2. a) entfernen, fortbringen, -schaffen:
    move one’s car seinen Wagen wegfahren; → goal post
    b) seinen Wohnsitz, eine Militäreinheit etc verlegen (to nach):
    move house Br umziehen;
    move sb umg jemandes Umzug durchführen
    c) einen Angestellten etc versetzen (to nach)
    3. bewegen, in Bewegung oder in Gang setzen oder halten, (an)treiben:
    a) vorwärtstreiben,
    b) jemanden auffordern, weiterzugehen
    4. fig bewegen, rühren, ergreifen:
    be moved to tears zu Tränen gerührt sein
    5. jemanden veranlassen, bewegen ( beide:
    to zu;
    to do zu tun):
    move sb from an opinion jemanden von einer Ansicht abbringen;
    move sb to anger jemanden erzürnen;
    feel moved to say sth sich veranlasst fühlen, etwas zu sagen
    6. Schach etc: ziehen oder einen Zug machen mit
    7. den Appetit, ein Organ etc anregen: → bowel A 1 b
    8. jemanden erregen, aufregen
    9. etwas beantragen, (einen) Antrag stellen auf (akk):
    move that … beantragen, dass …;
    he moved that the meeting (should) be adjourned er beantragte, die Sitzung zu vertagen;
    move an amendment PARL einen Abänderungsantrag stellen
    10. einen Antrag stellen, einbringen
    11. WIRTSCH absetzen, verkaufen
    B v/i
    1. a) sich bewegen, sich rühren, sich regen:
    don’t move! keine Bewegung!
    b) fig sich ändern (Ansichten etc)
    2. sich fortbewegen, gehen, fahren:
    begin ( oder start) to move, move off sich in Bewegung setzen (Zug etc);
    move on weitergehen;
    move along, please bitte weitergehen!;
    move away sich entfernen ( from von);
    a) anrücken (Polizei etc),
    b) vorgehen (on gegen Demonstranten etc),
    c) fig ins Haus stehen (Veränderungen etc) (on dat);
    move (up) into 3rd place SPORT etc auf den 3. Platz klettern oder (vor)rücken;
    move forward fig Fortschritte machen, vorankommen;
    move up SPORT aufsteigen;
    move with the times mit der Zeit gehen;
    move to the top of the table SPORT sich an die Tabellenspitze setzen;
    be really moving umg einen ganz schönen Zahn draufhaben
    3. umziehen (to nach):
    move (away) aus-, fort-, wegziehen;
    move to ziehen nach;
    move in einziehen;
    move into einziehen in (akk), beziehen;
    move out ausziehen (of aus);
    if moved falls verzogen
    4. fig voran-, fortschreiten:
    things began to move die Sache kam in Gang, es tat sich etwas
    5. laufen, in Gang sein (Maschine etc)
    6. verkehren ( with mit), sich bewegen:
    move in rarefied circles sich in exklusiven Kreisen bewegen
    7. vorgehen, Schritte oder etwas unternehmen, handeln ( alle:
    in sth in einer Sache;
    against gegen):
    he moved quickly er handelte rasch
    8. move for beantragen, (einen) Antrag stellen auf (akk):
    9. Schach etc: einen Zug machen, ziehen
    10. MED sich entleeren (Darm):
    his bowels have moved er hat Stuhlgang gehabt
    11. WIRTSCH
    a) gehen umg, Absatz finden (Ware)
    b) move up anziehen, steigen (Preise)
    12. BIBEL leben:
    C s
    1. (Fort)Bewegung f, Aufbruch m:
    a) in Bewegung,
    b) auf den Beinen,
    c) auf Achse;
    get a move on umg sich beeilen;
    get a move on umg Tempo!, mach(t) schon!, los!;
    a) aufbrechen,
    b) sich (von der Stelle) rühren,
    c) fig handeln;
    make no move keine Anstalten machen ( to do zu tun)
    2. Auszug m ( from aus), Umzug m
    3. a) Schach etc: Zug m:
    it’s your move Sie sind am Zug
    b) fig Schritt m, Maßnahme f:
    a clever move ein kluger Schachzug oder Schritt;
    make the first move den ersten Schritt tun;
    make one’s move handeln
    4. SPORT
    a) Kombination f
    b) Spielzug m
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (change of residence) Umzug, der; (change of job) Wechsel, der
    2) (action taken) Schritt, der; (Footb. etc.) Spielzug, der
    3) (turn in game) Zug, der; (fig.) [Schach]zug, der
    4)

    be on the move — (moving about) [Person:] unterwegs sein

    5)

    make a move — (initiate action) etwas tun od. unternehmen; (coll.): (leave, depart) losziehen (ugs.)

    make no move to help somebody — keine Anstalten machen, jemandem zu helfen

    6)

    get a move on — (coll.) einen Zahn zulegen (ugs.)

    get a move on! — (coll.) [mach] Tempo! (ugs.)

    2. transitive verb
    1) (change position of) bewegen; wegräumen [Hindernis, Schutt]; (transport) befördern

    please move your head [to one side] — bitte tun Sie Ihren Kopf zur Seite

    move it! — (coll.)

    move yourself! — (coll.) Beeilung! (ugs.)

    move somebody to another department/job — jemanden in eine andere Abteilung/Position versetzen

    move police/troops into an area — Polizeikräfte/Truppen in ein Gebiet schicken

    2) (in game) ziehen
    3) (affect) bewegen; berühren

    move somebody to laughter/anger — jemanden zum Lachen bringen/jemandes Ärger erregen

    be moved by something — über etwas (Akk.) gerührt sein

    move somebody to do something — jemanden dazu bewegen, etwas zu tun

    5) (propose) beantragen [Beendigung, Danksagung]; stellen [Antrag]
    6) (Commerc.): (sell) absetzen
    3. intransitive verb
    1) (go from place to place) sich bewegen; (by car, bus, train) fahren; (on foot) gehen; (coll.): (start, leave) gehen; [Wolken:] ziehen ( across über + Akk.)

    move with the times — (fig.) mit der Zeit gehen

    start to move — [Fahrzeug:] sich in Bewegung setzen

    Don't move. I'll be back soon — Bleib hier od. Geh nicht weg. Ich bin gleich zurück

    2) (in games) ziehen
    3) (fig.): (initiate action) handeln; aktiv werden
    4) (in certain circles, part of society, part of town) verkehren
    5) (change residence or accommodation) umziehen (to nach); (into flat etc.) einziehen ( into in + Akk.); (out of town) wegziehen ( out of aus); (out of flat etc.) ausziehen ( out of aus)
    6) (change posture or state) sich bewegen; (in order to make oneself comfortable etc.) eine andere Haltung einnehmen

    don't move or I'll shoot — keine Bewegung, oder ich schieße

    7) (make progress) vorankommen

    move towards — näherkommen (+ Dat.) [Einigung, Höhepunkt, Kompromiss]

    8) (Commerc.): (be sold) [Waren:] Absatz finden, sich absetzen lassen
    9) (coll.): (go fast)
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    n.
    Bewegung -en f. (change lodgings) expr.
    Wohnung wechseln ausdr. v.
    antreiben v.
    bewegen v.
    (§ p.,pp.: bewog, bewogen)
    erregen v.
    umziehen v.
    übersiedeln v.

    English-german dictionary > move

  • 15 scour

    I transitive verb
    1) scheuern [Topf, Metall]

    scour out — ausscheuern [Topf]

    scour [out] — durchspülen [Rohr]

    3) (remove by rubbing) [ab]scheuern
    II transitive verb
    (search) durchkämmen ( for nach)
    * * *
    I verb
    (to clean by hard rubbing.) scheuern
    II verb
    (to make a thorough search of: They scoured the woods for the child.) absuchen
    * * *
    scour1
    [ˈskaʊəʳ, AM -ɚ]
    vt
    ▪ to \scour sth [for sb/sth] town, area etw [nach jdm/etw] absuchen [o fam abklappern]; newspaper etw [nach jdm/etw] durchforsten [o durchkämmen]
    scour2
    [ˈskaʊəʳ, AM -ɚ]
    I. n no pl Scheuern nt, Schrubben nt fam
    to give sth a good \scour etw gründlich reinigen
    II. vt
    ▪ to \scour sth
    1. (clean) etw scheuern [o fam schrubben
    2. (erode) river etw auswaschen; wind etw abtragen
    * * *
    I ['skaʊə(r)]
    1. vt
    scheuern
    2. n
    Scheuern nt II
    vt
    area, town, shops absuchen, abkämmen (for nach); newspaper durchkämmen (for nach)
    * * *
    scour1 [ˈskaʊə(r)]
    A v/t
    1. scheuern, schrubben, ein Messer etc (blank) putzen, polieren
    2. säubern, reinigen ( beide:
    of, from von)
    3. einen Kanal etc (aus)schwemmen, schlämmen, ein Rohr etc (aus)spülen
    4. ein Pferd etc putzen, striegeln
    5. TECH Wolle waschen, entfetten:
    scouring mill Wollewäscherei f
    6. den Darm entschlacken
    7. auch scour away ( oder off) Flecken etc entfernen, Schmutz abreiben ( beide:
    from von)
    B v/i
    1. scheuern, schrubben, putzen
    2. reinigen, säubern
    C s
    1. Scheuern n etc:
    give sth a scour etwas scheuern
    a) Schlämmen n
    b) Wegwaschung f
    c) ausgehöhltes Flussbett
    3. Reinigungsmittel n (für Wolle etc)
    4. meist pl VET Ruhr f
    scour2 [ˈskaʊə(r)]
    A v/i
    1. scour through ( oder over) → B
    2. rennen, huschen:
    scour about ( oder around) herumrennen
    B v/t durchsuchen, durchstöbern, eine Gegend auch durchkämmen ( alle:
    for nach):
    scour the town die ganze Stadt abklappern umg
    * * *
    I transitive verb
    1) scheuern [Topf, Metall]

    scour [out] — durchspülen [Rohr]

    3) (remove by rubbing) [ab]scheuern
    II transitive verb
    (search) durchkämmen ( for nach)
    * * *
    v.
    reinigen v.
    umherstreifen v.

    English-german dictionary > scour

  • 16 Revier

    Re·vier <-s, -e> [reʼvi:ɐ̭] nt
    1) ( Polizeidienststelle) police station;
    keinen Führerschein? Sie müssen mit aufs \Revier! no driving licence? you'll have to accompany me to the station!
    2) ( Jagdrevier) preserve, shoot
    3) mil sick-bay
    4) ( Zuständigkeitsbereich) area of responsibility, province
    5) kein pl (fam: Industriegebiet) coalfield;
    das \Revier the Ruhr/Saar mining area

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > Revier

  • 17 Caro, Heinrich

    [br]
    b. 13 February 1834 Poznan, Poland
    d. 11 October 1911 Dresden, Germany
    [br]
    German dyestuffi chemist.
    [br]
    Caro received vocational training as a dyer at the Gewerbeinstitut in Berlin from 1852, at the same time attending chemistry lectures at the university there. In 1855 he was hired as a colourist by a firm of calico printers in Mulheim an der Ruhr, where he was able to demonstrate the value of scientific training in solving practical problems. Two years later, the year after Perkin's discovery of aniline dyes, he was sent to England in order to learn the latest dyeing techniques. He took up a post an analytical chemist with the chemical firm Roberts, Dale \& Co. in Manchester; after finding a better way of synthesizing Perkin's mauve, he became a partner in the business. Caro was able to enlarge both his engineering experience and his chemical knowledge there, particularly by studying Hofmann's researches on the aniline dyes. He made several discoveries, including induline, Bismark brown and Martius yellow.
    Like other German chemists, however, he found greater opportunities opening up in Germany, and in 1866 he returned to take up a post in Bunsen's laboratory in Heidelberg. In 1868 Caro obtained the important directorship of Badische Anilin-Soda- Fabrik (BASF), the first true industrial research organization and leading centre of dyestuffs research. A steady stream of commercial successes followed. In 1869, after Graebe and Liebermann had showed him their laboratory synthesis of the red dye alizarin, Caro went on to develop a cheaper and commercially viable method. During the 1870s he collaborated with Adolf von Baeyer to make methylene blue and related dyes, and then went on to the azo dyes. His work on indigo was important, but was not crowned with commercial success; that came in 1897 when his successor at BASF discovered a suitable process for producing indigo on a commercial scale. Caro had resigned his post in 1889, by which time he had made notable contributions to German supremacy in the fast-developing dyestuffs industry.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    A.Bernthsen, 1912, obituary, Berichte derDeut
    schen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 45; 1,987–2,042 (a substantial obituary).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Caro, Heinrich

  • 18 Chaudron, Joseph

    [br]
    b. 29 November 1822 Gosselies, Belgium
    d. 16 January 1905 Auderghem, Belgium
    [br]
    Belgian mining engineer, pioneer in boring shafts.
    [br]
    In 1842, as a graduate of the Ecole des Mines in Liège, he became a member of the Belgian Corps Royal des Mines, which he left ten years later as Chief Engineer. By that time he had become decisively influential in the Société Anglo-Belge des Mines du Rhin, founded in 1848. After it became the Gelsenkirchen-based Bergwerkgesellschaft Dahlbusch in 1873, he became President of its Board of Directors and remained in this position until his death. Thanks to his outstanding technical and financial abilities, the company developed into one of the largest in the Ruhr coal district.
    When K.G. Kind practised his shaft-boring for the company in the early 1850s but did not overcome the difficulty of making the bottom of the bore-hole watertight, Chaudron joined forces with him to solve the problem and constructed a rotary heading which was made watertight with a box stuffed with moss; rings of iron tubing were placed on this as the sinking progressed, effectively blocking off the aquiferous strata as a result of the hydrostatic pressure which helped support the weight of the tubing until it was secured permanently. The Kind-Chaudron system of boring shafts in the full section marked an important advance upon existing methods, and was completely applied for the first time at a coalmine near Mons, Belgium, in 1854–6. In Brussels Chaudron and Kind founded the Société de Fonçage par le Procédé Kind et Chaudron in 1854, and Chaudron was granted a patent the next year. Foreign patents followed and the Kind-Chaudron system was the one most frequently applied in the latter part of the nineteenth century. Altogether, under Chaudron's control, there were more than eighty shafts sunk in wet strata in Germany, Belgium, France and England.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1853–4, "Notice sur le procédé inventé par l'ingénieur Kind, pour l"établissement des puits de mines', Annales des travaux publics de Belgique 12:327–38.
    1862, "Über die nach dem Kindschen Erdbohrverfahren in Belgien ausgefùhrten Schachtbohrarbeiten", Berg-und Hüttenmännische Zeitschrift 21:402−7, 419−21, 444−7.
    1867, "Notice sur les travaux exécutés en France, en Belgique et en Westphalie de 1862– 1867", Annales des travaux publics de Belgique 25: 136–45.
    1872, "Remplacement d'un cuvelage en bois par un cuvelage en fonte", Annales des
    travaux publics de Belgique 30:77–91.
    Further Reading
    D.Hoffmann, 1962, Acht Jahrzehnte Gefrierverfahren nachPötsch, Essen, pp. 12–18 (evaluates the Kind-Chaudron system as a new era).
    W.Kesten, 1952, Geschichte der Bergwerksgesellschaft Dahlbusch, Essen (gives a delineation of the mining company's flourishing as well as the technical measures under his influence).
    T.Tecklenburg, 1914, Handbuch der Tiefbohrkunde, 2nd edn, Vol VI, Berlin, pp. 39–58 (provides a detailed description of Chaudron's tubing).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Chaudron, Joseph

  • 19 Raky, Anton

    [br]
    b. 5 January 1868 Seelenberg, Taunus, Germany
    d. 22 August 1943 Berlin, Germany
    [br]
    German inventor of rapid percussion drilling, entrepreneur in the exploration business.
    [br]
    While apprenticed at the drilling company of E. Przibilla, Raky already called attention by his reflections towards developing drilling methods and improving tools. Working as a drilling engineer in Alsace, he was extraordinarily successful in applying an entire new hydraulic boring system in which the rod was directly connected to the chisel. This apparatus, driven by steam, allowed extremely rapid percussions with very low lift.
    With some improvements, his boring rig drilled deep holes at high speed and at least doubled the efficiency of the methods hitherto used. His machine, which was also more reliable, was secured by a patent in 1895. With borrowed capital, he founded the Internationale Bohrgesellschaft in Strasbourg in the same year, and he began a career in the international exploration business that was unequalled as well as breathtaking. Until 1907 the total depth of the drillings carried out by the company was 1,000 km.
    Raky's rapid drilling was unrivalled and predominant until improved rotary drilling took over. His commercial sense in exploiting the technical advantages of his invention by combining drilling with producing the devices in his own factory at Erkelenz, which later became the headquarters of the company, and in speculating on the concessions for the explored deposits made him by far superior to all of his competitors, who were provoked into contests which they generally lost. His flourishing company carried out drilling in many parts of the world; he became the initiator of the Romanian oil industry and his extraordinary activities in exploring potash and coal deposits in different parts of Germany, especially in the Ruhr district, provoked the government in 1905 into stopping granting claims to private companies. Two years later, he was forced to withdraw from his holding company because of his restless and eccentric character. He turned to Russia and, during the First World War, he was responsible for the reconstruction of the destroyed Romanian oilfields. Thereafter, partly financed by mining companies, he continued explorations in several European countries, and in Germany he was pioneering again with exploring oilfields, iron ore and lignite deposits which later grew in economic value. Similar to Glenck a generation before, he was a daring entrepreneur who took many risks and opened new avenues of exploration, and he was constantly having to cope with a weak financial position, selling concessions and shares, most of them to Preussag and Wintershall; however, this could not prevent his business from collapse in 1932. He finally gave up drilling in 1936 and died a poor man.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Dr-Ing. (Hon.) Bergakademie Clausthal 1921.
    Further Reading
    G.P.R.Martin, 1967, "Hundert Jahre Anton Raky", Erdöl-Erdgas-Zeitschrift, 83:416–24 (a detailed description).
    D.Hoffmann, 1959, 150 Jahre Tiefbohrungen in Deutschland, Vienna and Hamburg: 32– 4 (an evaluation of his technologial developments).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Raky, Anton

  • 20 Wallis, Sir Barnes Neville

    [br]
    b. 26 September 1887 Ripley, Derbyshire, England
    d. 30 October 1979 Leatherhead, Surrey, England
    [br]
    English aeronautical designer and inventor.
    [br]
    Wallis was apprenticed first at Thames Engineering Works, and then, in 1908, at John Samuel White's shipyard at Cowes. In 1913, the Government, spurred on by the accelerating development of the German Zeppelins (see Zeppelin, Ferdinand von), ordered an airship from Vickers; Wallis was invited to join the design team. Thus began his long association with aeronautical design and with Vickers. This airship, and the R80 that followed it, were successfully completed, but the military lost interest in them.
    In 1924 the Government initiated a programme for the construction of two airships to settle once and for all their viability for long-dis-tance air travel. The R101 was designed by a Government-sponsored team, but the R100 was designed by Wallis working for a subsidiary of Vickers. The R100 took off on 29 July 1930 for a successful round trip to Canada, but the R101 crashed on its first flight on 4 October, killing many of its distinguished passengers. The shock of this disaster brought airship development in Britain to an abrupt end and forced Wallis to direct his attention to aircraft.
    In aircraft design, Wallis is known for his use of geodesic construction, which combined lightness with strength. It was applied first to the single-engined "Wellesley" and then the twin-en-gined "Wellington" bomber, which first flew in 1936. With successive modifications, it became the workhorse of RAF Bomber Command during the Second World War until the autumn of 1943, when it was replaced by four-engined machines. In other areas, it remained in service until the end of the war and, in all, no fewer than 11,461 were built.
    Wallis is best known for his work on bomb design, first the bouncing bomb that was used to breach the Möhne and Eder dams in the Ruhr district of Germany in 1943, an exploit immortalized in the film Dambusters. Encouraged by this success, the authorities then allowed Wallis to realize an idea he had long urged, that of heavy, penetration bombs. In the closing stages of the war, Tallboy, of 12,000 lb (5,400 kg), and the 10-ton Grand Slam were used to devastating effect.
    After the Second World War, Wallis returned to aeronautical design and was given his own department at Vickers to promote his ideas, principally on variable-geometry or swing-wing aircraft. Over the next thirteen years he battled towards the prototype stage of this revolutionary concept. That never came, however; changing conditions and requirements and increasing costs led to the abandonment of the project. Bit-terly disappointed, Wallis continued his researches into high-speed aircraft until his retirement from Vickers (by then the British Aircraft Corporation), in 1971.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1968. FRS 1945.
    Further Reading
    J.Morpurgo, 1972, Barnes Wallis: A Biography, London: Longman (a readable account, rather biased in Wallis's favour).
    C.J.Heap, 1987, The Papers of Sir Barnes Wallis (1887–1979) in the Science Museum Library, London: Science Museum; with a biographical introd. by L.R.Day.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Wallis, Sir Barnes Neville

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